Table 1 Indicators of health system efficiency
From: Health system efficiency and equity in ASEAN: an empirical investigation
Category | Dimension | Abbreviation | Specific indicators | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial input | Health expenditure | \(X_{1}\) | Current health expenditure (CHE) as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) (%) | 1.85 | 7.50 |
Intermediate | Health human resource | \(Z_{1}\) | Medical doctors per 10,000 population | 1.65 | 24.34 |
| Â | Â | \(Z_{2}\) | Number of nursing personnel | 2530 | 578078 |
| Â | Health material resources | \(Z_{3}\) | Hospital beds per 10,000 population | 6.91 | 37.03 |
Output | Public health | \(Y_{1}\) | Diphtheria tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP3) immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%) | 59.00 | 99.00 |
| Â | Â | \(Y_{2}\) | Age-standardized NCD mortality rate per 100,000 population | 233.30 | 726.30 |
| Â | Â | \(Y_{3}\) | People using at least basic sanitation services (% of population) | 41.17 | 100.00 |
| Â | Medical care | \(Y_{4}\) | Neonatal mortality rate per 1000 live births | 0.89 | 27.97 |
| Â | Â | \(Y_{5}\) | Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 63.90 | 83.60 |
| Â | Â | \(Y_{6}\) | Maternal mortality ratio per 10,000 live births | 6 | 285 |