Table 2 Variable description
Variable | Unit | Reason for selection | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social security | Input | Insured by government social health insurance | 1000 people | Basic labor input of social security; number of insured by government social health insurance | Antonelli and Bonis [4] |
Net social protection expenditure | Million EUR | Basic input of social security, which is the substitution variable for social insurance premiums | Dutu and Sicari [15] | ||
Output | Net social protection benefits | Million EUR | SDG1.3 is the basic output of social security | Halaskova et al. [21] | |
Treatable and preventable mortality | % | SDG3.4 represents public health and primary preventive care outcomes | |||
Links | Social protection expenditure per inhabitant | EUR | Link to healthcare stage | ||
Health-care | Input | Physicians | Persons | Basic labor input of healthcare stage | Afonso and St. Aubyn [2] |
Healthcare expenditure | Million EUR | Basic capital input of healthcare can be observed in the differences in health between countries | Cos and Moral-Benito [13], Samut and Cafri [51], Top et al. [60] | ||
Output | Maternal mortality (OB) | Per 100,000 mothers | SDG3.1 is the negative impact of healthcare | Mustapha and Sahand [40] | |
Undesirable | Hospital discharges | Per 100,000 inhabitants | Basic output of healthcare | ||
Deaths (OB) | Persons | Negative impact of healthcare | Cos and Moral-benito [13] | ||
Link | Live births | Persons | SDG3.2 is the basic output of healthcare, which circulate backs as input to the social security stage | ||
Carry-over | Population | Persons | Observe the impact of population changes on social security and healthcare efficiency | Chiu et al. [9] | |